State-owned enterprises are known as public sector undertakings (PSUs). The union government of India owns these entities, or one of the many state or territorial governments, or both. In these PSUs, Govt. holds equal to or more than 51% shares. PSUs are classified as Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs), public sector banks (PSBs) or State Level Public Enterprises (SLPEs). Beginning in 1951 there were just five enterprises in the public sector in India, but in March 1991 this increased up to 246. CPSEs are administered by the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. The government has categorised major PSUs as Maharatnas, Navratnas and Miniratnas. As of April 2018, there are 8 Maharatna, 16 Navratnas and nearly 75 Miniratnas in India.
List of Maharatnas and Navratnas:
Maharatna CPSEs
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
Coal India Limited
Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL)
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)
National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC Limited)
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC)
Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
Navratna CPSEs
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
Container Corporation of India Limited
Engineers India Limited
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
National Aluminium Company Limited
National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited
NMDC Limited
Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited
Oil India Limited
Power Finance Corporation Limited
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
Shipping Corporation of India Limited
Miniratna Category - I CPSEs
Airports Authority of India
Antrix Corporation Limited
Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited
Bharat Coking Coal Limited
Bharat Dynamics Limited
BEML Limited
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
Bridge & Roof Company (India) Limited
Central Warehousing Corporation
Central Coalfields Limited
Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited
Cochin Shipyard Limited
Dredging Corporation of India Limited
Kamarajar Port Limited
Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited
Goa Shipyard Limited
Hindustan Copper Limited
HLL Lifecare Limited
Hindustan Newsprint Limited
Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited
Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited
India Tourism Development Corporation Limited
Indian Rare Earths Limited
Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited
India Trade Promotion Organisation
IRCON International Limited
KIOCL Limited
Mazagaon Dock Limited
Mahanadi Coalfields Limited
Manganese Ore (India) Limited
Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemical Limited
Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited
MMTC Limited
MSTC Limited
National Fertilizers Limited
National Seeds Corporation Limited
NHPC Limited
Northern Coalfields Limited
North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited
Numaligarh Refinery Limited
ONGC Videsh Limited
Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited
Projects & Development India Limited
Railtel Corporation of India Limited
Rail Vikas Nigam Limited
Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited
RITES Limited
SJVN Limited
Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
South Eastern Coalfields Limited
State Trading Corporation of India Limited
Telecommunications Consultants India Limited
THDC India Limited
Western Coalfields Limited
WAPCOS Limited
Ed.CIL (India) Limited
HSCC (India) Limited
National Small Industries Corporation Limited
Indian Railway Finance Corporation Limited
Miniratna Category-II CPSEs
Bharat Pumps & Compressors Limited
Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited
Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited
Central Railside Warehouse Company Limited
Engineering Projects (India) Limited
FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited
Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited
HMT (International) Limited
Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited
M E C O N Limited
Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited
National Film Development Corporation Limited
P E C Limited
Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited
Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India